Although it may receive different names depending on the country (social economy, solidarity economy, community economy, collective entrepreneurship), in general the concept of social and solidarity economy (SSE) brings together a set of organizations whose activities - in particular the provision of goods or services - are based on common principles of social utility, democratic and participatory management, local roots and return to the community (see in this sense, for example, the definition of the SSE in Quebec according to its Social Economy Act of 2013).

Mapping and collecting data for resilient sustainable cities does not always need to be ‘smart’. As per its Wikipedia definition, a smart city is a “technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect specific data”.

A tiny proportion of the near to 3 million residents of Toronto have been keeping hens, in some parts of the city, in the frame of the UrbanHensTO pilot program. Soon it will be decided whether these urban coops become permanent and accessible to the totality of Torontonians.